Core prescription excavation of launched Chinese patent medicines for treating different syndromes of angina pectoris / 中国中药杂志

To analyze the medication features and regularity of prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicines in treating patients with coronary heart disease angina pectoris based on the launched Chinese patent medicines. In the article,we collected all of the launched Chinese patent medicines for treating coronary heart disease and angina pectoris from the Chinese patent medicine value assessment information database,and set up a medical record normalized database,then carried out the classification of syndromes. The medication features and prescription rules for angina pectoris were analyzed by frequency statistics and association rules(IBM SPSS Modeler 14. 1 Premiums software,Apriori algorithm). Finally,a total of 170 prescriptions were selected,and 197 Chinese herbs were included,involving to totally 11 syndrome types,in which blood stasis syndrome,Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome,Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome,Qi-Yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were the main syndrome types. The frequency of single-herb medicines for the four main syndrome types,the combination of commonly used medicines,and the core prescriptions were summarized. After comparing the core prescriptions of the four syndrome types,we could analyze the medication features and prescription rules. In conclusion,the therapeutic principle is blood-activating and stasis-dissolving,and consideration was also given to promoting Qi,invigorating Qi and resuscitation and invigorating Qi-Yin. The main medicines include Danshen(Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) and Chuan-xiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma). According to different types of syndromes,Chinese herbal medicines are added,such as Jiangxiang(Dalbergiae Odoriferae Lignum), Chishao(Paeoniaeradix Rubra), Sanqi(Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Honghua(Carthami Flos),Bingpian(Borneolum Syntheticum),Renshen(Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma). Frequency statistics and association rules are combined to explore the medication features and core prescriptions,which provide ideas for the treatment of angina pectoris and the development of new drugs.

Absorption enhancing effects and safety of PAMAM dendrimers on liquiritin / 中国中药杂志

PAMAM dendrimer is one of the most widely studied dendrimers in recent years, which has a large number of functional groups on the surface and cavities inside, specific three-dimensional structure and good biocompatibility, permeability and stability. It has been widely applied in drug and gene carrier fields and may become a new absorption enhancer. In order to study the absorption enhancing effects of PAMAM dendrimers, liquiritin was selected as the model drug, with the protection of spleen and liver, detoxification and other functions, but it had not been widely used in clinical application because of its difficult absorption, first pass effect, and low bioavailability. This topic was based on the two main determinants (solubility and permeability) of intestinal absorption in the body, researched the physicochemical properties of liquiritin, analyzed the transport volume of liquiritin with or without PAMAM dendrimers by using Caco-2 cell model, and analyzed the cytotoxicity of PAMAM dendrimers on Caco-2 cells by MTT experiments. These results showed that 0.1% of the G4 generation PAG can promote the absorption of liquiritin safely and effectively, and it was suitable for further development into a new type of pharmaceutical excipients.

Does Periconceptional Fish Consumption by Parents Affect the Incidence of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intelligence Deficiency? A Case-control Study in Tianjin, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed to explore the association between periconceptional fish consumption by parents and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intelligence deficiency (ID).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study was conducted through a questionnaire with 108 ASD cases, 79 ID cases, and 108 controls. The ASD and ID cases were students from special educational schools in Tianjin from 2012 to 2014. The age- and sex-matched controls were from a high school, three primary schools, and a kindergarten in Tianjin. Multivariate logistic regression was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Paternal habit of eating hairtail before fertilization, maternal preference for fruits during pregnancy, and maternal habit of eating grass carp during pregnancy were preventive factors for ASD. Paternal habit of drinking alcohol before fertilization was a risk factor for ID, whereas maternal preference for fruits during pregnancy and maternal habit of eating crucian carp during pregnancy were protective factors for ID.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Parental fish consumption is beneficial for the prevention of ASD and ID. Meanwhile, the protective effects of fish consumption on ASD and ID differ. More attention should be paid to the combined effect of other food when eating fish.</p>

Association between Prenatal Environmental Factors and Child Autism: A Case Control Study in Tianjin, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between autism and prenatal environmental risk factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case-control study was conducted among 193 children with autism from the special educational schools and 733 typical development controls matched by age and gender by using questionnaire in Tianjin from 2007 to 2012. Statistical analysis included quick unbiased efficient statistical tree (QUEST) and logistic regression in SPSS 20.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were four predictors by QUEST and the logistic regression analysis, maternal air conditioner use during pregnancy (OR=0.316, 95% CI: 0.215-0.463) was the single first-level node (χ²=50.994, P=0.000); newborn complications (OR=4.277, 95% CI: 2.314-7.908) and paternal consumption of freshwater fish (OR=0.383, 95% CI: 0.256-0.573) were second-layer predictors (χ²=45.248, P=0.000; χ²=24.212, P=0.000); and maternal depression (OR=4.822, 95% CI: 3.047-7.631) was the single third-level predictor (χ²=23.835, P=0.000). The prediction accuracy of the tree was 89.2%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The air conditioner use during pregnancy and paternal freshwater fish diet might be beneficial for the prevention of autism, while newborn complications and maternal depression might be the risk factors.</p>

Components and characteristics of speech-ABR from healthy young adults / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the electrophysiological characteristics of speech evoked-ABR, which are then related to the acoustic properties of stimulus sound in terms of the latencies of the main components, and moreover compared to the conventional click-ABR to explore their underlying relationships.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The speech-ABR and click-ABR were recorded from 31 healthy young adults without any hearing problem examined by audiometric screen processes. The speech syllable/da/was synthesized by Klatt method. The ABRs recorded by the same clinic certificated instrument following established protocols and the stimulus sound was processed and analyzed in both time and frequency domain by a software package developed on Matlab platform.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The main components of speech-ABR were clearly identified, and were categorized into onset response, frequency following response, transitional response and offset response in responding to the stimulus sound structure involving consonant and vowel portions. The latency of peak A significantly correlated with that of peaks V, C, D, E and F respectively (P < 0.05), especially with V. Furthermore, the latencies of peak D, E, and F are significantly correlated with each other (P < 0.01). Transitional component peak C was only correlated with peak V and A (P < 0.05); and offset wave O was independent to all the other peaks (P > 0.05). The latencies of speech-V and peak III were significantly delayed in comparison with their counterparts of click-ABR (P < 0.01). It was observed that the appearance rate of wave III was significantly lower than that of click-III (P < 0.01), while there was no significant delay and low appearance rate for wave-I observed in speech-ABR (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study verified the clear patterns of speech-ABR from healthy adults, the main components of which are closely related and analogues to the combination of the main waves of click-ABR, SN10 and FFR evoked by low-frequency tone. It offers a promising tool in the study of speech coding and processing mechanism.</p>